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It's the last week of April and we're
happy to have you watching CNN 10
I'm Carl Azuz. Hope you had a great
weekend first subject of the week
the state of the union address or is it
the annual message
or is it a speech to a joint session of
congress some of the above
this week u.s president joe biden is
scheduled to speak before the u.s senate
and the house of representatives hence a
joint session of congress article 2
section 3 of the u.s constitution states
that the president shall do this quote
from time to time it doesn't say it has
to be done on tv
it doesn't say it has to be done in
person it doesn't say
when the information has to be given
tradition plays a dominant role in the
president's annual message
everything we're used to seeing even
when we're used to seeing it
the previous six presidents gave their
first speeches to the entire congress in
february
but that's been a recent tradition not a
constitutional requirement
in fact it's tradition that a
president's first speech to the entire
congressisn't called a state of the union
address the idea behind that
is that the newly inaugurated leader
hasn't been in office long enough to be
an authority on the state of the union
cnn 10 contributor rachel janfaza
explores what exactly is happening
wednesday night
president biden will soon deliver his
first address to a joint session of
congress
but carl it technically won't be his
first state of the union address
which is what the president's annual
message to a joint session of congress
the justices of the supreme court the
president's cabinet
and other special guests is usually
called
traditionally a president is in office
for a year
before they give their first state of
the union address
but presidents are usually invited to
speak before a joint session of congress
during their first few months in office
this speech
before both the house of representatives
and the senate chambers
can be referred to as an annual message
or a message on a particular topic
such as an economic message the
tradition is rooted in the constitution
the constitution states that the
president shall from time to time
give the congress information of the
state of the union
and recommend to their consideration
such measures
as he shall judge necessary and
expedient
while the concept of a yearly check-in
is the same the linguistics are
different
and the guest list may be smaller
especially this year
given the covet 19 pandemic the history
of a presidential address to congress
dates back to president george
washington who was the first to deliver
a regular address before a joint session
in new york
in 1790. the message used to be known
as the president's annual message to
congress until 1934
when president franklin d roosevelt
referred to it as the annual message to
congress
on the state of the union from 1942 to
1946
it began to be informally called the
state of the union message or address
and since 1947 it has officially been
known as the state of the union address
during a state of the union the
president reflects on the past year
how the country's doing and uses the
opportunity to highlight their
administration's
legislative agenda which needs
congressional support
in modern history presidents have used
their first address
to a joint session to outline their
goals and lay out hopes for their
administration
so carl while a presidential address to
a joint session of congress during their
first year in office
may not have all the formal fanfare of a
state of the union
it can be used to highlight the
president's agenda and set a forward
thinking tone
ten-second trivia which of these
buildings is considered to be the
world's first skyscraper
flat iron building home insurance
building empire state building or
kavanaugh building
the 10 story tall home insurance
building was the world's first
skyscraper when it was completed in
1885.
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10 stories as in 138 feet as in about
four school buses high if you're
thinking
more like a tree scraper keep in mind
that this was only about 30 years after
elijah graves otis invented his elevator
safety system that made elevators more
secure
that made people feel safer on them and
that led to the soaring skyscrapers that
stretch
city skylines the sky has long been a
fascination
a realm of the gods and civilizations
have been building toward it for
centuries
but a sky scraper is an altogether
modern idea
made possible by modern technologies
skyscrapers are really
an american invention the first use of
the word was around the 1880s
they were office buildings that
concentrated
a workforce they employ technologies
like the elevator
like steel construction to build very
efficiently
and to pile a lot of space onto a small
piece of land
by using steel frames for structural
support rather than heavy masonry walls
architects were able to get creative
skyscrapers began to get taller
around the turn of the 20th century
there was competition to be the world's
highest
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and that pinnacle tower becomes so
intimately connected with modernity
skyscraper hitching posts for the great
airliners of tomorrow
the empire state building never actually
wore the limps but it gave
that aspiration after world war ii
a new kind of technology of glass
allows for the curtain wall windows you
could open made way for giant glass
walls
they gave more floor space and natural
light but fresh air was shut out and
replaced with air conditioning
the 1960s and 70s that was the period of
the world trade center with the
twin towers the sears tower in chicago
got a little bit
taller but it was also the end of an
era as american cities began to
suburbanize and spread out
the u.s had led the charge into the
skies but the rest of the world
soon caught up in hong kong where
the land is very scarce going high is
almost the only solution
there's that need in terms of
urbanization so people need to move the
cities they need to
work to live in
asia and the middle east we took it to
another level every city want to have
this landmark
that gives that a sense of distinct
culture
from the end of the 20th century
architects in the east have been
developing new techniques to beat the
wind and
climb even higher
you want to design a shape that is not
square
you want rounded corners or faceted
corners so that
it takes pressure of the building when
the wind hits it
you design the building to swear a
little bit we use reinforced concrete to
have that flexibility that also absorbs
movement
the taipei 101 used a step design cut
out corners and a 700 ton suspended
dampener to help it with stand typhoons
and earthquakes
but it was dubis burj khalifa that
redefined
supertool its exaggerated tapered shape
ability to flex up to six feet at his
top and a double layered outer skin
help it to counter desert storms and
extreme heat
to build the world's tallest tower is a
great demonstration of technological
know-how
as well as wealth of course but the
vanguard of architects has been very
focused on
sustainability we want to design
something that's as sustainable
as possible in terms of the spaces the
use of materials
tall buildings is sustainable where we
can have a lot of people in a small
footprint but we all
understand that building in itself is
taking resources
from the earth in cities like hong kong
where skyscrapers dominate the
environment
but also contribute significantly to
greenhouse gas emissions
the centuries-old reach into the sky is
now in question
skyscrapers become complicated
negotiations
between the way that we want to live in
the future and the possibilities of how
we can
there are many different approaches of
culture of government of public policy
that either constrains or enables
skyscrapers
for 10 out of 10 a recent light show in
shanghai china goes
3d how did technicians do this with
drones
hundreds of them they were synced up to
form the image of a smartphone
and then video game characters appeared
to leap off the screen
the whole thing was intended to promote
a popular mobile game
but when the drones formed a giant qr
code that linked to the game's website
well for fans it was game on for critics
it's game over they q are concerned
about the proliferation of promotion
but if q are the type to find air shows
illuminating
and you don't mind scanning and training
your phone in your eyes on the planning
pertaining to drones in the skies
this could be the kind of thing you
drone on about long after the lights
come down
I'm Carl Azuz for CNN 10. pendleton high
school is in pendleton oregon
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